我们都知道，同义词的使用，在雅思的听说读写中都有着举足轻重的作用。一个人的口语或者写作好不好，也会经常看他/她能否很好地运用同义词。但是往往很多人会陷入一个使用误区，就是拿我们中文的意思来判断同义词之间是否相近，是否可以在某个情况下使用另外一个同义词，但是这往往会引来一些中式英语的错误。

　　所以宁波环球教育黄河清老师在这里会为大家辨析一下在雅思口语写作中常见的那些同义词。

　　同义词辨析：手术

　　「operation」这个单词的中文释义就是「手术」，但是如果我们看其英文释义的话，会发现这个单词所指的范围会更精确一些：

　　-the process of cutting into someone's body to repair or remove a part that is damaged

　　-e.g. He had an operation to remove a blood clot from his brain.

　　「procedure」同指「手术」，但是主要是专业术语，一般是在医疗行业工作的人会使用，

　　-an operation performed in a particular way on a particular part of the body.

　　-e.g. The procedure normally only takes a few minutes.

　　「transplant」作为名词在这里就是指「器官移植了」

　　-an operation to remove an organ from one person's body and put it into another per-son's body

　　-e.g. There is a shortage of donors for heart transplants.

　　-e.g. She had to have a kidney transplant.

　　「surgery」虽然中文意思同样是「手术」但是如果我们仔细阅读其英文释义，我们会发现这个单词所指的范围比「operation」更大一些：

　　-medical treatment involving an operation

　　-e.g. She required surgery on her right knee.

　　-e.g. He was taken in for surgery.

　　「plastic surgery」指的是「整容手术」

　　「bypass」指的是「心脏搭桥」

　　同义词辨析：承诺

　　「promise」是我们最熟悉的表示「承诺」的单词，但是这个「承诺」并不可靠：

　　-a statement that you will definitely do or provide something, which may not be reliable

　　-e.g. Politicians are always making promises.

　　「pledge」相比与「promise」，这个单词指的是「公开的，正式的，官方的」，往往是来自「政府」或是「某组织」：

　　-a public or official promise to do a particular thing in the future

　　-e.g. The Government has fulfilled at least 50% of its election pledges.

　　-e.g. We have received pledges of help from various organizations.

　　「vow」这个词对应中文的「誓言」，非常严肃认真的承诺；搭配动词「take/make」：

　　-a very serious promise to do something or not to do something that you choose to make

　　-e.g. He made a vow never to drink alcohol again.

　　-e.g. your marriage vows

　　「oath」这个词同样对应「誓言」，但是使用语境和「vow」相比不一样一些，多数出现在「法庭宣誓」这个语境下；搭配动词「take/make/swear」：

　　-a formal promise, especially one that someone makes in a court of law:

　　-e.g. Witnesses swear a solemn oath to tell the truth.

　　-e.g. Public officials must take an oath to support the US Constitution.

　　「undertaking」是指一种「正式承诺」，而承诺的内容往往是一些「艰难的事情，往往需要大量的投入」，关联度比较高的同义词是「pledge」：

　　-a serious or public promise to do something, especially something difficult which needs a lot of effort or money

　　-e.g. The police have given an undertaking to reduce street crime in the city centre.

　　-e.g. He was made to sign a written undertaking that he would not go within a mile of her house.

　　「assurance」这个单词和上面的所有同义词都有本质上的区别，但是这点区别需要仔细体会，这里的「保证」不是指「承诺去做某件事」，而是「承诺某件事会发生」或者「某件事是真的」，而使用的语境是为了让对方不那么担心：

　　-a promise that something will happen or is true, made so that someone is less worried or more confident

　　-e.g. You have my assurance that it won't happen again.

　　-e.g. The manager gave me his personal assurance that the goods would be deliv-ered today.

　　「guarantee」在这里是「assurance」的近义词，只不过这个「保证」更加坚决，使用语境和后者类似：

　　-a very definite promise that something will happen.

　　-e.g. With any diet, there's no guarantee of success.